123 results

• Post-translational modifications (PTMs)

  Chemical or structural changes made to proteins after their synthesis, altering their function, stability, or interactions.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Post-translational modification [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/posttranslational-modification

• Postsynaptic striatal dopaminergic degeneration

  Loss or dysfunction of dopamine-receiving neurons in the striatum, leading to impaired motor signaling.

  Reference:

  Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32(6):853-864. doi:10.1002/mds.26987

• Preclinical

  Research conducted before testing in humans, using laboratory and animal studies to evaluate the pharmacological, toxicological, and pharmacokinetic properties of a drug.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Preclinical study [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/preclinical-study

• Presymptomatic

  Stage where the disease is already present in the brain, but no symptoms are visible yet.

  Reference:

  Boxer AL, Yu JT, Golbe LI, Litvan I, Lang AE, Höglinger GU. Advances in progressive supranuclear palsy: new diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(7):552-563. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30157-6

• Prevalence

  The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific point in time or over a defined period.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Prevalence [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/prevalence

• Prion-like propagation

  Process in which abnormal proteins (e.g., NFTs) spread from cell to cell, converting healthy proteins into the same harmful form and spreading the disease throughout the brain.

  Reference:

  Kammula SV, Tripathi S, Wang N, et al. Unraveling the tau puzzle: a review of mechanistic targets and therapeutic interventions to prevent tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Ageing Neur Dis. 2023;3(4). doi:10.20517/and.2023.20

• Prognosis

  The predicted outcome of a disease, including likelihood of recovery or recurrence.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Prognosis [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/prognosis

• Progressive (disease)

  A disease that worsens over time in terms of extent or severity.

  Reference:

  National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). MedGen: Progressive disease [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/277534

• PROSPER

  PROSPER is an ongoing multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 study to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of FNP-223 administered orally at a dose of 300 mg three times a day in adults aged 50–80 years with early-stage possible or probable PSP-RS.

  Reference:

  ClinicalTrials.gov. PROSPER (NCT06355531) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06355531

• Protein aggregation

  Process in which misfolded proteins clump together, forming toxic deposits in the brain, like tau in tauopathies.

  Reference:

  Zhang Y, Wu KM, Yang L, Dong Q, Yu JT. Tauopathies: new perspectives and challenges. Mol Neurodegener. 2022;17(1):28. doi:10.1186/s13024-022-00533-z

• Randomized

  Trial design where participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups, ensuring unbiased comparison of outcomes.

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Rare disease

  A disease is generally defined as rare when it affects fewer than 1 in 2,000 individuals in the general population (in the EU, fewer than 5 in 10,000 people; in the US, fewer than 200,000 people in the US).

  Reference:

  Haendel M, Vasilevsky N, Unni D, et al. How many rare diseases are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19(2):77-78. doi:10.1038/d41573-019-00180-y

• Real-world studies (RWS)

  Research process that uses health-related data collected outside the strict controls of clinical trials.

  Reference:

  Costa V, Custodio MG, Gefen E, Fregni F. The relevance of real-world evidence in research, clinical, and regulatory decision making. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1512429. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1512429

• Risk factor

  Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure that increases an individual's vulnerability to developing a disorder. In PSP, environmental, genetic and epigenetic risk factors, alongside age-related changes, are thought to interact and contribute to the disease; however, the exact underlying cause of this tauopathy is unknown.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Risk factor [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/risk-factor | Park HK, Ilango SD, Litvan I. Environmental risk factors for progressive supranuclear palsy. J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):103-113. doi:10.14802/jmd.20173

• Saccades

  Rapid eye movements that repositions the eyes to a new location.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Saccades and fixation [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/saccades-and-fixation