123 results

• Mentation

  Refers to cognitive and mental functioning, such as thinking, memory, attention and judgement.

  Reference:

  Golbe LI, Ohman-Strickland PA. A clinical rating scale for progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 6):1552-1565. doi:10.1093/brain/awm032

• Microtubules (MTs)

  Cylindrical protein filaments forming part of the cell’s cytoskeleton, essential for maintaining cell shape, intracellular transport, and cell division.

  Reference:

  Kapitein LC, Hoogenraad CC. Building the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. Neuron. 2015;87(3):492-506. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.046

• Misdiagnosis

  An incorrect identification of a disease, often leading to inappropriate treatment or delays in receiving appropriate treatment.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Misdiagnosis [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/misdiagnosis

• Monoclonal antibodies (mAb)

  Laboratory-produced antibodies engineered to recognize and bind specific antigens.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Monoclonal antibody [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/monoclonal-antibody

• Mortality

  In medicine, the term is used as the number of deaths in a population during a specific period of time.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Mortality [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/mortality

• Movement disorders (MD)

  Group of neurological conditions primarily affecting the control of voluntary and involuntary movements, resulting in symptoms such as stiffness, slowness or tremors.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Movement disorder [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/movement-disorder

• Multidisciplinary

  An integrated approach to care provided by a team of specialists. In the case of PSP, the multidisciplinary team may include, but are not limited to: neurologist, nurses, physiotherapist, speech therapist, psychologist, dietician, social worker, etc.

  Reference:

  Rowe JB, Holland N, Rittman T. Progressive supranuclear palsy: diagnosis and management. Pract Neurol. 2021;21(5):376-383. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2020-002794

• Myoclonus

  Brief, involuntary muscle contractions.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Myoclonus [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/myoclonus

• Neurodegenerative disorder (NDD)

  Condition characterized by progressive loss or damage of neurons.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Neurodegenerative disorder [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/neurodegenerative-disorder

• Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT)

  Clumps of abnormal tau inside neurons that disrupt their function and lead to cell death.

  Reference:

  Samudra N, Lane-Donovan C, VandeVrede L, Boxer AL. Tau pathology in neurodegenerative disease: disease mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. J Clin Invest. 2023;133(12):e168553. doi:10.1172/JCI168553

• Neurofilaments (NfL)

  Structural proteins of neurons; their breakdown products in blood or CSF reflect non-specific axonal damage and neurodegeneration.

  Reference:

  Chouliaras L, Thomas A, Malpetti M, et al. Differential levels of plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration in Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022;93(6):651-658. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2021-327788

• Neuroinflammation

  Chronic inflammatory response of the central nervous system to damage, often contributing to neurodegeneration and disease progression.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Neuroinflammation [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/neuroinflammation

• O-GlcNAcylation

  A reversible post-translational modification in which an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecule is added to a protein, regulating its folding, phosphorylation, and degradation. Increased O-GlcNAcylation of tau may counterbalance hyperphosphorylation and promote neuronal survival.

  Reference:

  Permanne B, Sand A, Ousson S, et al. O-GlcNAcase inhibitor ASN90 is a multimodal drug candidate for tau and α-synuclein proteinopathies. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022;13(8):1296-1314. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00057

• Ocular motor dysfunction

  Abnormalities in controlling eye movements, affecting gaze stability and visual tracking.

  Reference:

  Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32(6):853-864. doi:10.1002/mds.26987

• OGA inhibitor

  A molecule that inhibits O-GlcNAcase, increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation and reducing phosporilation, proposed to restore tau homeostasis and reduce neurodegeneration in PSP (i.e. Egalognastat / FNP-223).

  Reference:

  Permanne B, Sand A, Ousson S, et al. O-GlcNAcase inhibitor ASN90 is a multimodal drug candidate for tau and α-synuclein proteinopathies. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022;13(8):1296-1314. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00057