5 results

• Biomarker

  A measurable (quantifiable) biological indicator (in blood, spinal fluid, or brain imaging) used for diagnosis, prognosis, and as an endpoint in clinical trials.

  Reference:

  Marotta C, Gonzalez-Ortiz F, Turton M, Zetterberg H, Harrison P, Hovens CM, Sinclair B, O'Brien TJ, Blennow K, Vivash L. Brain-derived tau to measure treatment effect in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2025;17(2):e70123. doi:10.1002/dad2.70123

• Blood-brain barrier

  A biological barrier created by closely connected cells that regulate the passage of molecules from the blood into the central nervous system. It selectively permits essential substances such as water, oxygen, and certain drugs to enter the brain while restricting others.

  Reference:

  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Glossary of neurological terms [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms

• Bradykinesia

  Slowness of movement, which can also encompass a difficulty initiating movement.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Bradykinesia [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/bradykinesia

• Bradyphrenia

  Noticeable slowing of thought processes, evident to the patient or to someone familiar with them.

  Reference:

  Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32(6):853-864. doi:10.1002/mds.26987

• Bulbar function

  Neurological control of muscles involved in speech, swallowing, and chewing.

  Reference:

  Golbe LI, Ohman-Strickland PA. A clinical rating scale for progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 6):1552-1565. doi:10.1093/brain/awm032