24 results

• p-tau217

  p-tau 217 is a phosphorylated form of the tau protein at threonine residue 217, and it serves as a highly specific and sensitive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Measurement of p-tau 217 in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects abnormal tau phosphorylation associated with neurofibrillary tangle formation. Compared to other phosphorylated tau isoforms (such as p-tau181), p-tau 217 demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing AD from non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

  Reference:

  Leuzy A, Janelidze S, Mattsson-Carlgren N, et al. Comparing the clinical utility and diagnostic performance of CSF P-Tau181, P-Tau217, and P-Tau231 assays. Neurology. 2021;97(17):e1681-e1694. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012727

• Parkinsonism

  Clinical syndrome characterized by bradykinesia plus rigidity, tremor, or postural instability.

  Reference:

  Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32(6):853-864. doi:10.1002/mds.26987

• Patient journey

  The sequence of patients’ experiences and perspectives through stages of care - from symptom onset to diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing disease management.

  Reference:

  Respondek G, Breslow D, Amirghiasvand C, et al. The lived experiences of people with progressive supranuclear palsy and their caregivers. Neurol Ther. 2023;12(1):229-247. doi:10.1007/s40120-022-00420-1

• PET scan

  An imaging technique using positron emission tomography (PET) to visualize and measure metabolic or molecular activity in tissues, often applied in neurology to assess brain function or pathology.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. PET scanner [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/pet-scanner

• Pharmacodynamics (PD)

  The biological and physiological effects of drugs on the body, including the mechanism of action at the target site. (It answers the question: "What does the drug do to the body?").

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Pharmacokinetic profile (PK)

  The characterization of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body over time. (It answers the question: "What does the body do to the drug?).

  Reference:

  Grogan S, Preuss CV. Pharmacokinetics. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557744/

• Phase 1 study

  The first stage of clinical research in humans, primarily assessing a drug’s safety in a small group of healthy volunteers or patients.

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Phase 2 study

  The second stage of a clinical trial aimed to evaluate a drug’s efficacy and short-term safety in patients.

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Phase 3 study

  The last stage of a clinical trial before licensing. A large-scale clinical trial designed to confirm a drug’s efficacy and safety to support regulatory approval.

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Phenotype

  The set of observable characteristics (symptoms, clinical signs) that define different forms of a disease. In PSP, several variants have been described: PSP-RS, PSP-P, PSP-PGF, PSP-CBS, PSP-SL, PSP-PI, PSP-OM, PSP-F, PSP-C, PSP-PLS.

  Reference:

  Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32(6):853-864. doi:10.1002/mds.26987

• Phosphorylation

  A post-translational modification in which a phosphate group is added to a protein or other molecule, regulating its activity, function, or signaling properties.

  Reference:

  Tapia-Rojas C, Cabezas-Opazo F, Deaton CA, Vergara EH, Johnson GVW, Quintanilla RA. It's all about tau. Prog Neurobiol. 2019;175:54-76. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.005

• Photophobia

  Extreme sensitivity to light.

  Reference:

  Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32(6):853-864. doi:10.1002/mds.26987

• Placebo

  An inactive substance designed to resemble the experimental treatment, used as a control to measure the true effect of the active drug.

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Placebo-controlled

  Trial design in which the effects of an active treatment are compared with those of an inactive substance (placebo) to assess the true efficacy of the intervention.

  Reference:

  EU Clinical Trials Register. Glossary [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_Clinical_Trials_Register_Glossary.pdf

• Post-translational modifications (PTMs)

  Chemical or structural changes made to proteins after their synthesis, altering their function, stability, or interactions.

  Reference:

  ScienceDirect Topics. Post-translational modification [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/posttranslational-modification